Teacher accountability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teacher accountability - Essay ExampleIt will also argue in favor of let go of these military rating results to the public. Additionally, the paper will include the line of productss that may oppose the inclusions of the above recommendations in the evaluation programs. Evaluation programs The implementation of change has been reluctant as teachers tincture their efforts in the classroom atomic number 18 not effectively considered in the evaluation programs (Nathan, 2009). According to Nathan (2009), the activities in the classroom should be vastly included in the evaluation programs. The author further argues that the activities in the classroom can change the level at which students are exposed to quality education. Evaluation programs used in evaluating programs are I. Classroom activities Classroom activities refer to the tutor initiatives created in the classroom setting. When evaluating teachers, their efforts in the classroom should constitute a majority of the tools used. This is because teachers spend most of their original duration in classrooms and acquiring instructor skills. This assumes it fair for any evaluation process to greatly consider these efforts. Lareau (1987) argues that classroom evaluation should be the only tool to be considered when evaluating teachers thirty percent inclusion in the evaluation programs would be important in understanding the ways in which tutors perform in classrooms (Lareau, 1987). Classroom activities make ups seventy percent of all the evaluation tools used on students (Nathan, 2009). Classroom activities include Continuous assessment tests- written or oral test during mid-terms and the inception of the term Student participation in group projects- this includes assessments on a students ability to work in a group and their conquest in it. Writing projects and research papers- this evaluates a students ability to carry out their own analysis on specific topic as guided by the tutor Routine assignments- r outine assignments refer to activities assigned by teachers in regards to research question on a specific culture task Creation of assessment personal assessment tools- tutors help students develop personal assessment tools that help then evaluate their classroom progress workaday class attendance II. Feedback from principles In traditional evaluation programs, principals provided all the required information about teachers in a particular institution. A principals contribution can be ground on friendship or any other social ills. In this case, principals should only provide the curriculum that an institution uses for verification of the teachers activities (Nathan, 2009). This is important because value-added data presented by teachers in the classroom are based on the institutions curriculum which is mostly created and scrutinized by principles. This argument also supports the fact that value-added data should be included in the programs that evaluate teachers. III. Requirement s from the curriculum Lareau (1987) argues that teachers rarely operate under their own consent, which means that the curriculum provided to them by the government is what they present to the classroom. The only way to be fair in evaluating teachers is through the consideration of the curriculum and how the curriculum is presented in the classroom. 30% of the value-added data based on the curriculum

Jesse James Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jesse crowd - Essay ExampleRev. Robert, his father, was a Baptist minister who helped to find William Jewell College in Liberty, Mo. He was the most illustrious group member of the James Younger Gang. However, after his death, Jesse became a legendary figure of the Wild West. Unfortunately, he got killed from his own gang member, namely Robert Ford.Every light speed conveys its villains and heroes. Sometimes, a character sways forward with a mixture of cardinal that can be due to the worlds that doesnt whop whether to hate or love that person or he or she becomes a landmark in the complex study of mankind. Such milestone is Jesse James. He was born in Kearney, Missouri on kinfolk 5, 1847. Jesse James was a member of the famous group namely, James Younger Gang.Most of the people say that it was the brutal treatment from the Union Soldiers that changed the life of Jesse James and led him towards the crime during the Civil War. The war devastated the Missouri and shaped the life o f Jesse. Undoubtedly, during the war, he learned how to kill while riding with his gang member William Quantrill and cover Bill Anderson. After the war, Jesse was injured whilst yielding. Within a year, Frank, another group member, and Jesse are suppose to have succeeded the first daylight bank theft in peace point in time. They ran away with $60,000 from the Liberty, Mo. bank not far from their dwelling. For the subsequently 15 years, the James boys wandered all through the U.S. robbing trains and banks of their gold, constructing a fable that was to survive more than a century after Jesses passing away. However, during this time, Jesse got married to his own cousin namely, Zerelda after her mother and was called Zee in short. They both together had two children, Jesse Edwards and Mary. A Pinkerton Detective Agency was called in to assist the catch of the famous thieves. On Christmas Eve, Jesse and Zee stimulated their family into a little house, which was located on direct of t he high hill. Living under the unspecified name of Tom Howard, Jesse rented the house from a city councilman.With his gang exhausted by arrests, deaths, and defections, Jesse realized that he had wholly two men left whom he could trust and they were his own brothers Bob and Charley Ford. To better defend his own self, Jesse asked the Ford brothers to move in with him and his family. However, Jesse did not know that Bob Ford had been carrying taboo secret discussions with Thomas T. Crittenden, the Missouri governor, to bring in Jesse James. Crittenden had made the capture of the James brothers his top precedence in his fountain address he affirmed that no political causes could be permitted to keep them from justice. Banned by law from presenting an adequately large reward, he had turned to the railway system and conveyed the corporations to put up a $10,000 reward for each of them. On April 3, 1882, after having his breakfast, the Fords and James arranged for departure for one mo re robbery, going in and out of the house to set up the horses. It was an oddly hot day James removed his coat, and then affirmed that he should eliminate his firearms as well, in grapheme he looks suspicious. James observed a dirty picture on the wall and stood on a chair to clean it. Robert Ford took benefit of the chance, and digging James in the back of the head. (City of St. Joseph, 2007). His murder became a nationwide commotion. The Fords made no effort to conceal their task. Certainly, Robert Ford wired the governor to assert his prize. As crowds pushed into the small house in St. Joseph to see the dead thief, the Ford brothers admitted defeat and surrendered to the authorities, but they were disappointed to find they were accused with first degree

Irish Urban Regeneration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Irish Urban Regeneration - Essay Example8).The evolution of the city saw and increase in urban amplification in the 20th Century, and the Irish economic boom direct to an upsurge in the construction of private homes. Standardised housing was implemented in the 1960s, and these regulations include specifications for density, public space, services, etc. Ballymuns high rise towers were the result of experimentations at this time. However, the classic pattern that has occurred again is that a development pattern has evolved of rapid creation of modernistic residential communities without adequate infrastructure or facilities (Williams and Shiels, 2001, p. 27).Previous plans to regenerate Dublin included the Integrated Area Plans (Kelly, 2005) and the Urban Renewal Act of 1986 (Suzanne, N. 2001) that came about as a result of the unwillingness of the private sector to enter many Dublin inner city neighbourhoods that had degenerated to dereliction. The government offered tax incentives to attract private business. This was prospering in combating the decay of the Dublin cities, but those urban renewal schemes were only questionably effective in some cities. Because of the profit motive, architectural and design concerns were of little value to the investors. In addition, the economic benefits of the investment were mostly unavailable to the residents of those towns. This led to the newest Urban Regeneration Projects (2001). According to the Egan Review and other organisations, regeneration involves the search for wide term restoration and renovation of neighbourhoods, improvement of dose systems, and involves an outlook of encouraging social inclusion and economic stability. These objectives are to be realised concomitant with ones of sustainable use of natural resources, such as energy and water. These objectives have necessitated the support of sound local leadership as well as concurrence among local, regional, and guinea pig policies (Carley, et al., 200 5).Brief History of BallymunThe Ballymun population stands at approximately 20,000 and 44.6% of these persons are unemployed. It has even been suggested by some authorities that the true unemployment figure might lie in or above the 60% mark. One third of the population is below the age of 14, and over a third of the households are run by a single parent, while the national average is 10%. The percentage of children who attain a school-leaving certificate is only 7% (Environmental Appraisal, p. 43). Before the Regeneration project, the city of Ballymun suffered from some(prenominal) structural, social, and economic problems. Many blocks of high-rise buildings were located in the city, and these were poorly constructed, having internal structural flaws as well as the disadvantage of being poor conservers of energy. This led to wide-scale removal by tenants, high levels of vacancies in apartment buildings, unemployment and drug problems. Voting turnout for local government elections has been as low as 15% (de Rossa, 1998). companionable exclusion was also a significant problem in Ballymun that resulted from its spatially isolated location, as it was cut off because of poor links in transportation (Muir, 2003).Ballymun Regeneration Ltd. took up the challenge and with the help of other environmental agencies, constructed an energy and environmental strategy

Extremes of Body Modification in the Aztec and Maori Cultures Research Paper

Extremes of Body Modification in the Aztec and Maori Cultures - Research Paper ExampleIn addition, while some still attribute deeper mental meaning to the practice, others insist that consistence modification has become nothing more than a simple fashion accessory, or a matter of preference (Wohlrab et al., 8788).Body modification is defined as the semi-permanent or permanent deliberate alteration of the human body. The practice of body modification extends all oer the globe since the dawn of humankind itself. Even though types of modifications vary wildly by geography and culture, in most cases, historically, there has been a symbolic indicate beyond aesthetic preference. A modification could indicate that the bearer underwent some sort of group initiation, joined a particular age bracket or social group, or it could identify personal accomplishments, social status, or religious membership and ordaination (Wohlrab et all, 8788).In more recent times, body modification was a lot a ssociated with lower classes of people, not the elite. In Europe and later, America, tattooing was common among sailors, who were not viewed kindly by polite society. The practice traveled to other members of lower classes. Biker culture, punk culture, sinful organizations, and prison culture eventually adopted the practice (Wohlrab et all, 8788). ... Aztec culture used body modification for the purpose of distinguishing class, societal role, and gender. Gender identity was conventional in the early teens, when all individuals were classified within three genders potentially reproductive male, potentially reproductive female, and celibate. Throughout these three genders, body modification would observe a set path based on life events. Astronomers and priests calculated the life calendar and fortune prediction for every individual at get (Joyce, 475-476) Boys and girls wore their hair identically until the age of 12, in a short crop over the w mess head. By 12, girls began growing their hair long. Boys shaved their heads except for angiotensin-converting enzyme long tuft in the back. A young man was permitted to shave it upon taking his first captive in battle. Afterward, the hair was to the bottom of the ear on the right side, shaving the left. Upon capturing a fourth captive, a man recieved the privilege of wearing his hair any way he liked. After childbirth, a charwoman usually wore her long hair bound around her head (Joyce, 479-480). Among the Aztecs, nearly every combination of gender and societal role had its own code of dress, appearance, and body modification. Aztec adults began a childs course of body modification by grabbing children between infancy and 4 years old by the neck, every 4th year, in the month Izcalli, on special feast day. This was believed to make the child taller. The ceremony began with piercing the ears of the children. A cotton string was put in the hole initially, and the holes were slowly stretched over time to allow the ch ild to wear ear ornaments as an adult averaging over 2 centimeters wide Joyce, 477-478). Male noble children 15 and over were admitted to the calmecac, for the training of

Critical Discussion Paper Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Discussion Paper - Dissertation Example go a wide array of pedagogical techniques and tools are available, this paper discusses the three major ones, viz. Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) and Mastery Learning, Direct pedagogy and General case programming. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these strategies are highlighted. ABA is today a vast treasure trove of theory, concepts and models and has evolved through systematic research and refined theories (Graziano, 1971 Maurice, Green & Luce 1996). It is a scientific breaking down of skills and tasks into small, manageable, distinct components which are taught in a hierarchical fashion. This approach establishes a relationship between the antecedent, behavior and consequence. Behavior stir and improvement is attempted through reinforcers such as positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, differential reinforcement of other behaviors, non contingent reinforcement and differential reinforcement of utility(a) behavio rs (Cooper et al., 1987 Fischer, Iwata, & Mazaleski, 1997). Rewards are used to reinforce desired behaviors, redirect or discourage inappropriate behaviors. ABA is now recognized as the most effective type of therapy for children with Autism and colligate disabilities (Lovaas, 1987 McEachin, Smith, & Lovaas, 1993 Maurice, Green, & Luce, 1996). Over the past thirty years, several thousand published research studies have documented the effectiveness ofABAacross a wide cross component part of populations, interventionists, settings and behaviors. The non-homogeneous ABA techniques in use are the ABC method or discrete trial instruction, behavior chains and backward chaining, high probability requests, behavioural contracts etc. The major strengths of this approach are that it facilitates identification, observation and measurement of behavior. ABA is structured and highly sequential. Alternative explanations are ruled out which fosters unambiguous, clear learning. Problem behaviors quarter be easily and effectively countered through a wide array of interventions. Measurement on the efficacy of the learning approach is easy and replication is excessively possible. The downside of ABA is that a behavioral intervention emphasizes control and exclusively utilizes reinforcers such as punishment. Each of the three schools of thought humanist, behavioral and cognitive, has merits and shortcomings and may not work swell in all situations (Tomei, 1998). The humanistic approach of Maslow and Rogers suffer from absence of clear design or direction in the classroom. There are also geomorphologic constraints in the information to be delivered. Behaviorism uses rewards for learning and this might discourage the student from learning for its own sake. Individual student attention span may also be impacted. The cognitive perspective featuring the age stages propounded by Piaget and Erikson, does not clearly explain the progress and movement from one stage to the next and how the various stages are linked to maturation. Lack of social influence is also a clear weakness. Mastery Learning is based on the concept of achieving mastery everyplace one concept or skill before moving on to the other. The major positives of this technique are that it is highly scientific and the tasks are structured and ranked, check to the level of difficulty. It ensures that the student masters a concept before moving on

Recent Trends in Economic Integration in the Asia Pacific Region and Essay

Recent Trends in sparing Integration in the Asia peaceful Region and Their Impact on Economic maturation - Essay exerciseAsia has been one of the worlds economically promising continents. According to James Chan, during the Middle Ages, Asia was the most developed part of the world. (244) In Asia, you can find famous textiles, silverw atomic number 18s, spices, porcelains, silks. Today, however, the Asia Pacific contribution comprises developed, developing, and underdeveloped contact centre markets and as these markets progress, the demand for better customer service is expected to drive growth in this region. (Frost & Sullivan, 2005) Except for countries like USSR, Japan, Israel and other(a) parts of Southwest Asia that is rich of oil, most Asian countries are now part of the developing world. Nowadays, most people living in Asian countries are so close to the survival limits. Developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region are facing three challenges, namely reducing poverty, addressing milieual degradation and promoting regional cooperation, state Tadao Chino, President of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), at the opening ceremony of ADBs annual meeting (here) Friday. (Xinhuanet, May 2002)Poverty and unemployment practically started when all Asian countries experient urbanization. Through urbanization, residents of the countryside tend to flock into the cities to experience urban living where there are wonderful city lights, big buildings and amusement parks. This increased unemployment, congestion and miscellaneous forms of social disorganization.The rapid urbanization of Asia presents some very significant challenges. The sheer scale of urban growth, the massive infrastructure needs, the plight of the urban poor, and pollution of the environment all present massive challenges. (Myoung-Ho Shin, September 2005)These events had contributed to the economic trends of the Asia-Pacific region as well as provide a great impact on Asias Economic Development .AIMSto be able to identify the recent trends in Economic Integration in the Asia Pacific Regionto discuss their impact on Economic Developmentto discuss the future development of the regionASIA-PACIFICS RECENT TRENDS IN ECONOMIC INTEGRATIONThe purpose of economic integration is to get the regions cooperation in terms of financial, financial and fiscal areas, agriculture and industry, and other sectors. It is to prepare Asias regions in globalization. According to Mario Lamberte, the roles and modalities of regional economic cooperation and integration in Asia focuses in three broad areas, namely, trade and investment, monetary and financial integration, and infrastructure and associated software. Regional integration, on the other hand, is de facto integration of economies within a geographic region. It may be market-driven integration, which means, there is no explicit harmony or coordinated action among countries within a region to integrate their economies or policy-induced i ntegration, that is, one that results from regional cooperation. (Lamberte, Page 4)Economic Integration in Asia Pacific is the sense of unity and cooperation of all the countries involved in the region. Cited from the New Asia Forum, some countries of the region have large excess capacity in

The Kissnger Qiestion Essay Example for Free

The Kissnger Qiestion EssayThe Vietnam War resulted in the deaths of 1.5 million to 3 million Vietnamese and other Indochinese and 58,000 Americans. It was the catalyst for Richard Nixons self-induced disgrace. Henry Kissinger contend a pivotal role in guiding Americas foreign insurance as the war torn nation reeled under the dismissal of one president to assassination and another to fraud. The Vietnam War singed the conscience of the world and Kissinger found himself where foreign policy and subject security converged. National Security advisor is the one that holds the most strategic meetings at the highest levels of US administration. External and internal threats to the nations security and easyspring being should be calculated well in advance otherwise the entire fabric of security planning lies in shreds. at that place must have been some constructive and sensible proposals to turn down the Vietnam fiasco. Its fair to ask what alternative course Americas critics woul d have followed. near serious people argued for complete withdrawal, on the grounds that the war was already lost.Some have argued that Nixon, after taking office, should have declared that the situation in Vietnam was far worse than he had thought, blame it on the Democrats and seek a finagle with the North Vietnamese like the one that was ultimately reached. Meanwhile, the arguwork forcet goes, Nixon could have purposed tough rhetoric at home to appease the foreign policy makers. Whether the approach would have worked cant be known, but had it worked, it certainly would have been preferable to what happened instead.Once in office, Kissinger and Nixon said they were seeking peace with reinforce the abandonment of our S bug outh Vietnamese allies would be a dishonorable betrayal and would undermine our credibility in the world. America ended up abandoning them anyway. crimson overlooking for the moment how the whole thing turned out, the peace with honor formulation was riddled with flaws. And the South Vietnamese regime was known to have been gawky and hopelessly corrupt. In writing about the importance of our allies in South Vietnam, Kissinger gives minimal attention to the Vietnamese people but a smashing deal to South Vietnams president Nguyen Van Thieu, calling him a great patriot and a dauntless leader.McNamara and Kissinger, not unlike some American presidents, including Nixon, had myopic affinity for strongmen like the Shah of Iran, Philippines president Ferdinand Marcos. A student of Metternich, the 19th-century Austrian statesman, Kissinger was a practitioner of the realist (or realpolitik) school of diplomacy, which places emphasis on the states inte informalitys and the use of military spot to achieve them, and he preferred to deal with the strong leaders of nation-states who could deliver. The US administrations complicity in the 1963 overthrow of South Vietnams leader General Ngo Dinh Diem conferred legitimacy on the North Vietnamese clai m that the South Vietnamese government was illegitimate.Ironically, when all this was happening in Vietnam, the rest of the world could only look and expect. take down the Nobel society that conferred the peace prize to Kissinger made almost no mention of the American lives lost during the Vietnam War, and none of the particular that USAs pursuit of what many saw as a patently hopeless cause may have damaged Vietnam permanently.To see the US side of the story, Nixon had a peculiar governing style. He hated to give direct orders and sometimes issued orders he hoped or expected would not be carried out. He had an aversion to contention among his advisers. And after Vice President Spiro Agnew said in one meeting that the South Vietnamese, with American support, should attack two North Vietnamese sanctuaries in Cambodia earlier than just one, as had been proposed, Nixon agreed. But, according to Kissinger, Nixon was so annoyed that Agnew had staked out a more hawkish position than h is own that he excluded Agnew from the next meeting on the war.Even Kissingers colleagues are portrayed as politically astute Mel Laird, secretary of defense, to be slippery. Though, Laird was often proved right about the likely public reaction to proposed U.S. actions. Unfortunately, the men surrounding the president were accomplished charmers, masterly manipulators in a field where manipulation was the job requirement.The Vietnam War was not without its tragicomic aspects. There was the futile run for for the elusive COSVN, supposedly the North Vietnamese military headquarters in Cambodiaand a leading rationale for U.S. military incursion into Cambodia in 1970. The South Vietnamese troops and their American advisers found only deserted huts. Nevertheless, USA describes the attack as a success, leading to the capture of documents, arms and ammunition, which, according to Karnow, were quickly replaced. There was also the raid by American commandos on the Son Tay prison in North Vie tnam, which was believed to hold American prisoners of war but turned out to be empty. U.S. intelligence had said the prison was closed.The war did infuse sacrifice, though not entirely based on moral lines. Historians omit several applicable matters or deals with them in triumphs of understatement. The two senior members of the National Security Agency, Anthony Lake and Roger Morris, quit in 1970 in protest over the expansion of the war into Cambodia.And as for the issue upheaval and constitutional crisis that was Watergate, Nixon felt unappreciated for his effort to withdraw troops, that antiwar sentiment touched Nixon on his rawest nerve and that he saw enemies all around him and so engaged in methods of all-out political combat. Thats it. No mention of Nixons enemies list of the White Houses hiring a goon team (the plumbers) to conduct break-ins or of Kissingers supplying names to the FBI for wiretaps of his own aides and of journalists, to trace leaks about the war.Vietnamese people had to face brutalities of warring factions and deceit of their power hungry leaders. Many years on, we still cannot confidently classify the leaders who could have been true to the national cause or the people of Vietnam. Some critics persisted in believing that given enough time and resources, Americas Vietnam policy would have succeed. In 1975, after Ford had taken office as president with sole circuit board to prevent Saigons collapse was additional money from Congress to fund the war effortan appropriation that Congress was resisting. The denial of the money may well have sped the collapse of the South Vietnamese government, but how long it could have been sustained is another matter.If leaders truly continued to believe in enforcing the example of government, one is forced to conclude that USA would have deluded the world. Kissinger and Nixon were in a bunker of their own, clinging to the false promise of Vietnamization, holding to a misbegotten concept of national h onor and railing at the wars opponents. Great nations have the intent to make the right decisions in critical circumstances. Unfortunately, the reputation of USA is goddamn to carry the fact that they failed to take a timely decision in Vietnam.ReferencesJohn Prados, LOST CRUSADER The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby, Oxford University Press, 2003